Microelectronic Pill Essay

1. ABSTRACTA Microelectronic contraceptive pill is a fundamentally a multi head sensor used for remote biomedical measurements using small technology. This has been developed for the internal study and detection of maladys and ab median(prenominal)ities in the gastrointestinal (GI) footpath where restricted access prevents the use of traditional endoscope. The measurement parameters for detection admit real time remote recording of temperature, pH, conduction and fade away atomic number 8 in the GI tract. This paper deals with the design of the Microelectronic pill which in the main consists of an outer biocompatible capsule encasing 4channel micro sensors, a look chip, a discrete component radio transmitter and 2 eloquent oxide cells. Our Body is a sensitive system.Many times even doctors arent able to interpret the disease. Thus it become too late to regain it. To remove this problem scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972. subprogram of discrete & internati onal adenylic acidere relatively large components, poor reliableness, slight lifetimes & antiophthalmic factor low sensitivity makes it outdated. To overcome all these problems Professor Jon cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow University , U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic pill. When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro Intestinal Tract & axerophthol simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological analysis After completing its mission it will come out of the proboscis by normal bowel movement The pill is 16mm in diameter & angstrom 55mm big weighing around 5 gram It records parameters like temperature, pH, Conductivity, & adenine change state Oxygen in real time. PARTS CONTROL tab piano tuner TRANSMITTER 2 SILVER OXIDE cellphoneS BIOCOMPATIBLE CAPSULE ENCASING MICROSENSOR SILICON DIODE 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL lead CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE ION-SELECTIVE FIELD achievement TRANSISTOR (IS FET) SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MICRO ELECTRONIC CAPSULEIt measures the body core temperature.Also compensates with the temperature induced signal changes in other sensors. It too identifies local changes associated with TISSUE INFLAMMATION & ULCERS. SILICON DIODEThe ISFET measures pH.It burn down reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels These abnormalities include Pancreatic diseaseHypertensionInflammatory bowel diseaseThe activity of fermenting bacteriumThe level of acid excretionReflux of oesophagusEffect of GI specific drugs on targetorgans.ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET)The bitstock of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conduction, by measuring the contents of body of water & salt absorption, bile secretion & the breakdown of primitive components into charged colloids etc. in the GI tract. Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured. DIRECT CONTACT GO LD ELECTRODEThe three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved oxygen in solution. It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract It investigates Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection establishment of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration. It develops 1 st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors. 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLARRANGEMENT MICRO ELECTRONIC anovulant cut off 1 CHIP 2 CONTROL CHIPThe ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control social unit that connects together other components of the micro system. It contains an analogue signal conditioning mental faculty operating the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC) converters, & digital data processing module The temperature circuitry bias the diode at constant real so that change in temperature reflects a similarchange in in di ode voltage. The pH ISFET sensor is coloured as a simple source at constant current with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH. The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the resistance across the electrode pair as an opponent function of solution conductivity. An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O 2 sensor with a 10 bit DAC controlling the working electrode potential w.r.t the beginning Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being digitized by ADC. ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of current. CONTROL CHIPSize of transmitter = 8 5 3 mm conversion Scheme = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbpsFrequency = 40.01 MHz at 20 CBandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHzIt consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current.RADIO TRANSMITTOROBSERVATIONS ON RECIEVER ready reckoner2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used.Operating while > 40 hours.Power Consumption = 12.1 mWCorresponding cu rrent consumption = 3.9mA confer Voltage = 3.1 V2 SILVER OXIDE BATTERIESRANGE Temperature from 0 to 70 CpH from 1 to 13Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per literConductivity above 0.05 mScm -1Full scale dynamical Range analogue signal = 2.8 V accuracy pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real valueOxygen sensor is 0.4 mgL.Temperature & Conductivity is within 1%.RANGE & ACCURACYIt is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in human body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines. Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY climate , So Power consumption is very less. It has very small size, indeed it is very easy for practical usage High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times.Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less P ower, original & Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V) Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference. ADVANTAGESread thisuse this link to transfer presentation * RE MICROELECTRONIC PILLS